Toyota Companys and the European Union Crisis Management

How to Write a Linguistics Essay A Step-by-Step Guide

How to Write a Linguistics Essay A Step-by-Step Guide What Is a Linguistics Essay? First of all, an essay writer should establish the main principles of the academic paper for Linguistics. A writer has two variants of the situation development. First, one is familiar with the concepts because of involvement in the field, and an essay is one of the many similar assignments in a Linguistics class. Second, it is necessary to understand that college student is a fledgling writer that is not only new to the date of the investigation but to the sphere of academic writing as well. The type does not matter, Linguistics essay needs a certain level of education and understanding. As Linguistics is a precise science, the essay should be centered on the accurate facts and involvement of the specific terminology of the discipline. Further, such an essay may concentrate on various branches of the field such as phonology, phonetics, vocabulary studies, grammar, syntax, translation, and many others. Also, as the type of academic writing is an essay, it may not involve research with finding evidence and proofing the specific findings. In fact, in contact with research papers. Linguistics essay writing can be in the form of discussion, reflection, a summary of a particular work or a small investigation of the specific phonological phenomena. Finally, the writer should be ready that some branches of Linguistics such as phonetics, require the unique font for expression of transcription symbols, for instance, and the presence of such is essential for this type of paper. Before the Writing There are specific pre-writing tips for any essay. First, it is needed to establish a plan for the writing as an outline with making the flow of the paper more natural. In fact, the mentioned plan requires such elements as deciding the primary audience of the essay, arguments, possible questions for consideration and discussion, and the number of sources for the argumentation support. Moreover, all the aspects mentioned above help to set the mood for the linguistics essay and convey the specific opinion. Also, the writer should remember the nature of linguistics, and as was mentioned before, it is precise. Thus, such an essay would have to include a theoretical framework along with ordinary academic writing to convey more professional look for future writing. In addition, linguistics is the science that may demonstrate certain phenomena with the help of specific symbols that do not have representation in the ordinary set of the alphabet of the English languages. Further, the writer can show the work of some of the linguistic features in the appendices after the paper or integrate those (with the help of tables) in the middle of the article after the explanation and evidence. Topic Choice As was mentioned before, there is a particular division of Linguistics on the subdisciplines. Thus, the choice of topics opens an array of different variants for an essay. In fact, if there is a necessity to summarize some work, it is possible to discuss the development of some phenomena throughout history or own reflection of the opinion of the specific linguistic trait and choose an area of Linguistics first. It is evident that text should be about a particular area of investigation. Among the spheres of Linguistics are phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and other side directions. Further, the topics should be specific and do not generalize the research theme. Here are some examples of the topics to learn how to construct a comprehensive title: Investigation of the Accents’ Differences in the English Language; Compounding as the Modern Strategy for Extension of the Vocabulary; Comparison of Old, Middle, and Modern Periods of Development of the English Language; Hypotheses of Languages Evolution; Effects of Dialects and Accents on the Perception of a Non-native Speaker; The Contrast of British and American Slang; Phonological Features of English Slang; The Use of Complex Predicate Constructions; Linguistics Theories Describing the Purpose of Communication; The Combination of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication; Influence of French and Latin Borrowings on Enriching the English Lexicon. Also, it is important to include examples of poorly constructed topics to demonstrate the general type of titles that should be avoided: Why is Linguistics important? What is a Noun? Why Slang Exists? Phonetics as a Branch of Linguistics Planning and Outlining As was mentioned before, a student has to consider some essential elements of every essay before starting the actual writing. First of all, a writer must establish the primary arguments of the paper or the point of view that one should prove or present evidence for. Also, the essay question is the second essential phenomenon that needs the answer in the flow of the paper. Further, keep in mind that the structure of the documents is the factor that helps to concentrate the attention of the potential audience and ensure that a reader receives author’s point of view and understand the evidence. Furthermore, the essential elements for consideration are the establishment of the mentioned audience. Thus, if an essay is designed for peers and fellow linguistics, there will be no problems in keeping the natural vocabulary of the paper. However, if the article is for the evaluation, an author will have to elevate the skills of the academic presentation regarding the enriching the lexicon of the document with the linguistics terminology. Moreover, the credible sources and reliable evidence will be the determinant factors for professors to leave the high mark for such linguistics assignment. Finally, after consideration of the points above, the approximate outline for the essay would look like this: Decide what the purpose audience is; Establish primary arguments, evidence, and essay question; Find credible sources to ensure the trustworthiness of the research; Outline the structure of the paper; Proofread after writing. Finally, the structure of the essay needs to meet specific parameters as well. First of all, the number of paragraphs should be equal with the one of supporting claims for the primary arguments plus introduction with the conclusion. Also, do not forget about the existence of such standards such as topic sentences, the quantity of text for one paragraph, and the place of citations in the text. The Structure Any Linguistics essay should meet particular requirements. First of all, the composition should start with the introduction where the writer must mention the primary arguments, purpose, audience, and end it with a debatable thesis statement that a paper can prove with evidence and research. Second, the main body consists of supportive claims and every paragraph should have topic sentences, evidence, and final thoughts. Finally, the conclusion is the ending part where a writer restates thesis and the main points of the whole essay along with providing the base for the further discussion or considerations of an issue for future studies. Thus, if a student misses one detail from the conventional structure of the academic essay, the one cannot be considered the comprehensive one; that can result in the loss of points for the final mark. Introduction The introduction is the essential part of every essay because it is the first paragraph that a reader sees. Thus, the relevance of opening takes the first place for a writer because it can attract the attention for further reading and avert it at the same time. The poorly constructed introductory paragraph without the proper attention-getter will discourage the primary audience of the document from evaluating the future content and believing the evidence for the essay arguments. Further, the introduction guides a reader through the course of the paper with the help of a few sentences in the beginning. In fact, the keywords in the starting paragraph help to focus the attention of the potential audience on the most critical issues of the writing. For instance, the introduction may include the aspects that convey the purpose of one or another language phenomenon of demonstrating the fundamental factor of the science. As the example of what not to do, a student should remember not to include in the introduction the statements that have no actual connection to the topic of the paper. The sole purpose of such sentences is to fill the gap and help the writer to meet the necessary word count. Also, general ideas disrupt the whole attitude of a reader towards the further content because the audience involved in the actual science of Linguistics does not need answers to questions why it is important and about the definitions of some phenomena. Thesis Statement: Hot Tips from Our Experts The place for the proper thesis statement is the last sentence of the introductory paragraph. Also, the thesis demonstrates the essence of the essay and shows a reader the mini-outline for further writing. Thus, it is understandable after the mentioned arguments, that the mission of a thesis statement is the most crucial one in the most critical part of the paper. Further, the proper thesis needs to be narrow such as the topic and debatable for getting the attention of the audience. The debatable opinion is the one that may be controversial that forces the audience to read further. Further, there are examples of poorly constructed thesis statements that only show the simplicity of the further essay and revolve the attention: Linguistics is important because it investigates that languages people speak; Slang will be the future language; Periods of English language development have differences and similarities. In contrast, the following examples represent the thesis statements that can grab the attention and boost the further discussion: The investigation of accents helps to understand the origins of the sources that inspire the process of the language evolution. The difference between the American and English slang starts in the Middle period of language development with the help of noun and verb transformations. Body Paragraphs The primary aspects of the construction of a body paragraph were mentioned above. The inclusion of such elements as topic sentences, evidence, and a conclusion is obligatory for meeting the academic standards and conveying the logical flow of ideas. Also, the number of paragraphs is determined by one of the supporting points because it would improve the readability of the whole paper. Moreover, the writer should remember the four-full-lines-and-three-sentences standard that every academic paper requires. Finally, do not put the sentences with citations in the beginning and end of the paragraphs because the one cannot start or end with evidence from the sources. Conclusion The primary mission of the last paragraph is to summarize the main points of the whole paper. Thus, the conclusion should include, a restatement of the thesis, summary of the supporting points, and the claims that may hint on the future research or implementation of some idea from the document in the actual science field. Finally, do not include any new information in the concluding paragraph as it hurts the finalizing of the essay. Sources Many sources can help in the construction of the essay as the gild of investigation is broad and does not lack relevant evidence. In fact, the Internet has plenty of databases with journal articles, independent studies, and books that can help prove a point in the writing. Some of the mentioned bases of knowledge are specialized websites such as: The Linguist List Electronic Journals in Linguistics Some sources do not have the linguistics specialization, but still they can assist in the search for the credible and relevant information and those are: JSTOR Taylor and Francis Online Referencing The most popular formats that will suffice for the linguistics essay are MLA and APA. The Purdue Owl website is the credible source that has guidelines for the proper citation and referencing in those formats. MLA APA Proofreading Several ways can help to proofread the final paper. First of all, it is possible to ask someone to comment on the logic of the paper’s flow. Also, several websites on the Internet assists with this types of service. Grammarly can help fix the grammar, punctuation, and style mistakes and Small SEO Tools can check the document for any possible facts of plagiarism.

Should Pornography Be Restricted by Law Term Paper

Should Pornography Be Restricted by Law - Term Paper Example The web has a reputation for being an uncontrolled and chaotic mass of information that scares some people as much as it intrigues others. Pornography has also carved out a substantial niche in this new media environment, proving that, perhaps, whether one likes it or not, pornography is not stopping, and is everywhere, especially in terms of dominating new media applications such as the web and the home video business (and now DVDs). This is a very profitable industry worldwide in a free market. a coded and polarized argument. On a societal level, pornography has positive and negative effects, but within the polarized and polemical arguments of advocates and censors, there tends to be more of a one-sided perspective. The objectification of women is one issue that centers a societal treatment of pornography, but again, in speaking (and asking questions) in a societal form, once misses out on the crux of the issue: is the individual to be free to pursue pornography, or is the society to be protected from it? Most women are objectified in pornography, but does this necessarily mean that they have to be objectified by it as consumers of it? Again, the issue is more one of the society and the individual being seen to be at odds in terms of representative and respective freedom (individual) and protection (society). Studies have contested that in none of the behavioral studies on pornography and violence â€Å"‘has a measure of motivation such as likelihood to rape ever ch anged as a result of exposure to pornography.’ Men who are already predisposed to violent attitudes toward women may be more sexually aroused by violent materials.  

Cameron Mackintosh's Contribution to the Development of the Essay

Cameron Mackintosh's Contribution to the Development of the Megamusical - Essay Example Mackintosh, Cameron born was a British theatrical producer who oversaw the era of the international "megamusical" in the 1980s and 1990s, becoming the worlds most prominent and powerful impresario. Mackintosh was born on Oct. 17, 1946, in Enfield, Middlesex, England, to Ian Mackintosh, a Scottish timber merchant and jazz trumpeter, and Maltese-born Diana Tonna Mackintosh, who had been actor Nigel Patricks secretary when the couple met in Italy during World War II. Eight-year-old Mackintosh was taken to see a production of the musical Salad Days, after which he demanded to speak to the author, Julian Slade, who gave him a backstage tour and instilled in the boy a fascination with theatrical production. Mackintosh studied stage management at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London but left after one year. He became a stagehand at Londons Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, cleaning the auditorium after performances to earn extra money. His first West End presentation, a 1969 revival of Anything Goes, failed. In 1976, however, his production of the musical revue Side by Side by Sondheim ran 781 performances in London before transferring to Broadway, his first stateside effort. (Lawson, 1999)

The Inconclusive Ethical Case against Manipulative Advertising Study

The Inconclusive Ethical against Manipulative Advertising - Case Study Example Through advertising, most people are inspired with a life of consumption. This is because majority of people tend to buy products out of the advertisement fantasy. Advertising makes people believe that the more a product appears on the screens or billboards, the better it is hence its rate of consumption shoots remarkably. Galbraith’s assertion on advertising is true. Advertisers induce consumers’ wants that are not urgent through their manipulative tactics. Such advertiser triggered wants are not always urgent and as a result, they are usually ineffective (Show & Vincent 346-353). This means that once a consumer buys a product out of advertising curiosity, their satisfaction is met immediately. However, this satisfaction does not last long since the consumer did not need the product and as a result the purchased product is of less benefit to the consumer. Levitt asserts that consumers need and want illusions of advertising. This is not true because most consumers buy a product as a result of previous experience with the similar product. Besides, not many consumers are moved by the illusions made on a product, whether new or old in the market (Show & Vincent 351-354). Similarly, it is untrue that as consumers we buy not only the physical product but also a set of feelings connected with it by advertising. This is because some products may have a nice feeling while being advertised yet we do not use them. For instance, the feeling associated with taking alcohol cannot make an anti alcohol take the drink. Also, it is true that decoration and distortions are among advertising’s legitimate and socially desirable purposes. Without the duo, the consumer may not get the advertiser’s objective of purchasing the product. However, the promises and images of advertising do not always offer the consumer a genuine satisfaction. Manipulative advertising is not wrong as it aims at capturing consumer’s attention

Internet As An Information Source Information Technology Essay

Internet As An Information Source Information Technology Essay The Internet is a network of networks that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks. Internet is also described as the worldwide publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). Internet is the transport vehicle for the information stored in files or documents on another computer. It carries together various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. The Internet itself does not contain information, it is a slight misstatement to say a document was found on the Internet. It would be more correct to say it was found through or using the Internet. What it was found in (or on) is one of the computers linked to the Internet. Every aspect of our day to day life is affected by the internet. Whether it is shopping, business, banking, communication, paying your bills, social gathering, party, learning, education etc. Internet is everywhere, knocking at our door, making our life easier and smooth. Moreover, when it comes to education and research internet is paving way for a great leap and sure library and information centers has no exception. The internet made the information on our finger tips. The libraries of the developed world has adopted the internet facilities to provide the fast and better library services to its patron but this is not the case with many developing nations and third world countries. The libraries of the third world countries still do not have the basic internet access facilities in many cases because of the poor funding and budget crisis, while we are talking about web 2.0 in countries like United States, Europe and other developed nations. This paper has also tried to explore broadl y the importance of internet with regard to access of information sources and its utilities for library patrons in academic organizations and institutions. Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is a residential academic institution located in the city of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Originally it was Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, which was founded by a great Muslim social reformer Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in 1875 and in 1920 it was granted a status of Central University by an Act of Indian Parliament. Modelled on the University of Cambridge, it was among the first institutions of higher learning set up during the British Raj. Aligarh Muslim University offers more than 250 courses in traditional and modern branch of education. The University is open to all irrespective of caste, creed, religion or gender. For more information please logon to university website: www.amu.ac.in. Literature Review Pangannaya, N.B. (2000) conducted a study i.e. Use of Internet by the Academic Community: a Case Study. This paper is an attempt to investigate the use of internet resources by the academic community of Mysore University, using survey as the research tool. The paper has investigated the faculty wise frequency and length of use of the internet. Moreover, it describes the emergence of internet, has revolutionized the academic world. Darries, Fatima (2004) has discussed various issues related to internet based reference services under the given title Internet access and use in reference services in higher education institutions in South Africa. An electronic survey was conducted using the web and e-mail to distribute the questionnaire. The target population was the heads of reference services at large libraries and the directors at smaller libraries of the 36 higher education institutions in South Africa. The response rate to the questionnaire was 28 (30.4 %); two returned questionnaires were spoilt. These results showed that all libraries surveyed have Internet access, and all but one provided access to their users. Librarians had access to the Internet for a longer period than their users. User internet training tended to be on a one-to-one basis at the point-of-use. Jay, Margaret and Webber, Sheila (2005) conducted a research study under the title Impact of the internet on delivery of reference services in English public libraries The study aims to investigate the impact of the internet on reference services in public libraries in England. A questionnaire was administered in 2003 to a sample of the public library authorities in England, investigating the use of the internet for receiving or answering reference enquiries, the use of electronic reference sources, and the nature of public library web sites. The paper concludes by identifying the need for public library managers to assess the changing role of professionals and Para-professionals in delivering reference services, and to provide appropriate training. It also notes that despite the discussion of real-time reference, asynchronous digital reference is still more common in England. The above table 4.7 clearly shows the results about the users satisfaction level with internet based information services when compare to print medium. The above table shows that 41 i.e. (45.05%) users are highly satisfied with the internet based information services in comparison to print sources. On the other hand 36 i.e. (39.65%) users have given the average rating to the internet as a source of information access compare to printed sources, while 14 i.e. (15.38%) users are very highly satisfied with internet based information services. The investigators have tried to find out problems pertaining to internet access among the research scholars PG students of the Science faculty in AMU. The investigators find out the major problems and hindrance in this regard shown in the table No. 4.8. The great response in this section is about the slow internet speed. 72 i.e. (47.68%) users complained about the slow internet speed, 28 i.e. (18.54%) users feel that there are lack of sufficient internet connected terminals in the department / library, which hinders them to properly utilize their time at the optimum level. Moreover 19 i.e. (12.58%) users face the problem of too many hits or information overload, 17 i.e. (11.25%) reported about the problem of the missing link / broken link. In addition to that, 12 i.e. (7.94%) users feels that the staff in the computer section of department / library are not technically very sound and therefore needs training and sound technical knowledge. 3 i.e. (1.98%) users complained about the ir relevant retrieval or lack of precision while trying to find out relevant information on the Internet. The investigators clearly find that the most of the research Scholars PG students have the internet access facility in their departments. They also find out that the users from science faculty access the internet on various locations, most of the users are using internet in the departments and in the university central library. They are also browsing the internet in the university computer centre. They are going least to cyber cafes for using internet. The present study also says that the most of the research scholars PG students of the science faculty are exploiting the internet services for their research work. Apart from that they are using internet for keeping themselves abreast with the latest development in the world, for communication purposes, and to search the career development information. Most of the research scholars PG students are using the J-gateway to access the various online journals either from the respective departments, central library browsing section, or fr om the university computer centre. Moreover, the present study states that the print information sources have been affected due to the use of internet based information services in the science faculty and the users satisfaction is quite high vis-Ã  -vis print sources of information. In addition to that, research scholars PG students find Internet based information services easy to use. It is clear from the present study that most of the users utilize the internet for searching the subject oriented information. Apart from that, majority of the users are satisfied with the accuracy of the internet based information sources.

Emma is a novel about youth through self-knowledge. Discuss. Essay

Emma is a novel about youth through self-knowledge. Discuss. The learning processes that are experienced through youth often lead to greater self-knowledge. This idea is readily demonstrated in Jane Austen’s â€Å"Emma† where the protagonist is established as an esteemed individual, living in the comfort and indulgence consequent of the limitations of her rural society. It is only when Emma opens herself to new experiences that she matures from one who lacks self-knowledge to a fulfilment of self-knowledge. The various events that occur ultimately challenge her viewpoint of the world she lives in. Emma’s dealings with befriending and matchmaking Harriet and her misinterpretation of clues given by Mr Elton and Frank Churchill are events which lead her to first lose confidence in her judgement and which later propels her to greater self-knowledge. Mr Knightley is a key figure in her process of change, leading her to a greater acceptance of others’ viewpoints. At the beginning of Austen’s novel, Emma Woodhouse is established as the central character of the novel who suffers from a lack of good judgement and awareness of the world she lives in. Austen establishes this idea through her opening sentence, conveying the idea that Emma is â€Å"handsome, clever, and rich†. The responder is given the impression that she thinks rather too well of herself as she has â€Å"been mistress of his house from a very early period†. We are told that she has been spoiled and indulged by â€Å"a most affectionate, indulgent father† and governess whose â€Å"shadow of authority being now long passed away†. The praise that Emma receives from Mr Woodhouse, Mrs Weston and Mr Knightley is warm acknowledgement of her education and accomplishments but is... ...tain self-knowledge. The various events that occur during the course of the novel develop Emma into a rounded individual who possesses a wealth of self-knowledge. This was not achieved without the aid of new experiences that penetrated the stability in her life, largely through the limitations presented by Highbury society. Emma’s overconfidence in her own judgement and her misinterpretation of clues given by Mr Elton and Frank Churchill, are important learning processes in Emma’s education. With the good judgement of Mr Knightley and her own self scrutiny, Emma is provided with the impetus to improve on her faults. Her growth to maturity and correct judgement ultimately leads to an attainment of greater self-knowledge. In balance, it can be seen through the character of Emma Woodhouse that â€Å"Emma† is blatantly a novel about youth through self-knowledge.

Industrialization, Capitalism and American Dream

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair is a novel whose veracity actually became a topic of federal investigation, provides another interesting example of the complex relation between fact and fiction and between naturalism and other literary and nonliterary discourses. The Jungle in many ways presents the appearance of a conventional novel: it has character, event, theme. Yet it is also profoundly shaped by the documentary strategy.Although the novel is organized biographically, the course of the protagonist Jurgis Rudkus's life follows a path which ensures that he will observe phenomena that interest Sinclair; he is conducted through a series of experiences that are not only representative but comprehensive, for this account of the meat-packing industry and the conditions of life for immigrant workers attempts to be encyclopedic.When the Rudkuses arrive in Chicago the first thing they do is tour the packinghouses, giving occasion for sentences like this one: â€Å"The chutes into which the hogs went climbed high up — to the very top of the distant buildings; and Jokubas explained that the hogs went up by the power of their own legs, and then their weight carried them back through all the processes necessary to make them into pork. † As Jurgis and other members of his family take jobs in various parts of the plants, the different operations — slaughtering, processing, canning and so on — are described in more detail.Jurgis also works in a harvester factory and a steel mill, passing through periods of prosperity and of unemployment and want; eventually almost every vicissitude of working-class life befalls Jurgis or one of his relatives. Jurgis himself begins as a strong and successful wage earner, but he is injured on a job and has great difficulty supporting himself while recovering, spends time in jail after a conflict with a foreman, tramps in both the country and the city, joins a union but later works as a scab and then as a foreman, rea ps the benefits of corrupt machine politics, and finally becomes a Socialist.His wife is sexually exploited by her boss and dies in childbirth without competent medical care. His son drowns in a muddy street in Packingtown. His father dies of an illness caused by a job. His cousin becomes a prostitute. What Jurgis cannot experience at firsthand he learns about from others; for example, his cousin tells harrowing stories of women forced into prostitution and explains why she cannot save any money working in a brothel: â€Å"‘I am charged for my room and my meals and such prices as you never heard of; and then for extras, and drinks for everything I get, and some I don't.‘ . . . Seeing that Jurgis was interested, she went on: ‘That's the way they keep the girls — they let them run up debts, so they can't get away'† (p. 352). Jurgis even rounds out our map of the social order when he â€Å"chances† to meet the drunken son of a packing-house owner and is taken into a mansion built by a meat fortune to see how the other half lives. The novel is episodic, even disjointed, if one attempts to organize it in terms of plot; its coherence derives from the documentary strategy.Its events are linked not directly to one another but through their common connection with the abstraction of the â€Å"jungle† and their relevance to the topic of the Chicago meat-packing industry and the lives of its â€Å"wage slaves. † The Jungle demonstrates the metonymic, accretive nature of the documentary strategy, for despite its aspiration to provide a totalizing map of Chicago its most characteristic procedure is to pile horror upon horror just as London does in The People of the Abyss.The action of The Jungle is produced less by the characters' choices than by their reactions as one disaster after another bursts upon them. When Jurgis and his family buy a house, they discover that â€Å"it was not new at all, as they had supposed; it was about fifteen years old, and there was nothing new upon it but the paint, which was so bad that it needed to be put on new every year or two. The house was one of a whole row that was built by a company which existed to make money by swindling poor people.The family had paid fifteen hundred dollars for it, and it had not cost the builders five hundred, when it was new† (p. 77). They find that they owe not just the monthly payments they have been told of but interest, so that it will be almost impossible for them to keep up the payments, and â€Å"when they failed — if it were only by a single month — they would lose the house and all that they had paid on it, and then the company would sell it over again† (pp. 77-78).Portraying a political awakening is one way of suggesting the possibility of profound social change without violating the conventions of realism, and it is a strategy that emerges still more strongly in a later genre that has many affiniti es with naturalism, the proletarian novel. Jurgis's transformation strikes the reader as such a dissonant and discontinuous element in this novel because it so obviously requires him to leave his native realm of victimage to become a character who exercises free will.There is no pretense in The Jungle that the group Sinclair is writing about is the same or even has much in common with the group he is writing for. In a gesture we have encountered before, we find the narrator and reader clearly marked off from the characters by the very languages they use: Sinclair prefaces one description with the remark that â€Å"the reader, who perhaps has never held much converse in the language of far-off Lithuania, will be glad of the explanation that . . . † (p. 2).Although the only things that are recognizably Lithuanian about the Rudkuses are their names ( Sinclair even provides a footnote to tell us how to pronounce â€Å"Jurgis†), they are certainly foreigners. One might deba te the exact degree of irony in that â€Å"perhaps† — I think it is considerable — and attempt to measure the exact width of this chasm between classes, but its existence is taken for granted. Throughout the novel the naturalist plays the role of the readers' guide and interpreter in an alien land. But he is not a native of that land either.Sinclair tells us in his autobiography that his own painful experiences of want — that is, his confrontation with proletarianization, to which his autobiography testifies at length — imbue the book with anguish, but that he is a stranger to the â€Å"jungle† of Chicago. The book is based on his research during â€Å"seven weeks lived among the wage slaves of the Beef Trust, as we called it in those days. People used to ask me afterward if I had not spent my life in Chicago, and I answered that if I had done so, I could never have written The Jungle; I would have taken for granted things that now hit me a sudden violent blow.I went about, white-faced and thin, partly from undernourishment, partly from horror. † 25 Despite the novel's affirmation of the possibilities for change, the realms of knowledge and experience, the worlds of the observer and the participant, remain polarized, joined only by the narrator's pity and good intentions. Nevertheless, The Jungle is famous as a novel that changed the world: an important progressive reform, the passage of the Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Acts in 1906, is widely attributed to the public furore over conditions in the meat-packing industry that it created.(It was this that motivated the intense scrutiny of Sinclair's facts. ) But as Sinclair himself recognized, the movement for the inspection of meat had originated with the big packers themselves and ultimately benefited them by providing a guarantee of quality at government expense and removing obstacles to meat exporting. 26 And the reforms demanded by the horrified read ers of The Jungle addressed not the condition of the workers but the menace of the unsanitary practices Sinclair reported — what bothered them was less the claim that men fell into the cooking vatsand died agonizing deaths than the revolting idea that â€Å"all but the bones of them had gone out to the world as Durham's Pure Leaf Lard! † (p. 117). Sinclair wrote, â€Å"I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach. † 27 He was neither the first nor the last socialist to set out to write of the iniquities of class society and find himself enmeshed in the mysteries of consumer society.In a characteristic naturalist gesture, Sinclair appeals to his readers to pity the miserable, thwarted lives of the other half; yet he also pays a great deal of attention to unclean meat and does not distinguish the two concerns so clearly as his lament would seem to suggest. The revolting truth about meat revealed an avenue by which the unclean horrors of a world outside the campfire found their way into that well-lighted, respectable circle and exposed a potentially contaminating contact between the disorder of the slaughterhouse district and the haven of the middle-class home.Although it clearly did not capture Sinclair's full intent, the impulse to regulate and rationalize the meat-packing industry was a perfectly consistent response to Sinclair's plea for reform. The connection illustrates the fundamental structural similarity, seen here in miniature and in Chapter 4 at length, between naturalism and progressivism. The social problems of Industrialization As depicted in The Jungle this century has seen dramatic changes in this pattern.With the advent of legal equalitarianism, Industrialization, and a general rise in humanitarianism, social fixity has been succeeded, for thousands of groups, by a high degree of mobility. With the blurring of traditional social class lines and the removal of the more flagrant legal and economic priv ileges of certain classes, there has been marked change in the whole status structure of modern society. With a culture in which the ethic of success is compelling, it is only to be expected that status striving will become obsessive for large numbers of persons.The struggle to succeed, to belong, to influence, lies behind remarkable achievements in all areas of our society. But it also lies behind some of the tragedies: lives broken by the struggle; individuals driven to means that are not tolerated by society, even though the ends which dictate the means are tolerated; children, as well as adults, who seek status security where they can find it, even when it lies in illegal or unmoral contexts. There is wreckage as well as achievement written in the story of social mobility.Wherever the world's population is experiencing Industrialization, family systems are also undergoing some changes, though not all these are being recorded. This means that at least some of the elements of the old family patterns, such as arranged marriages in China, are dissolving. Of course, if a family system is undergoing change, the rates of occurrence of these forms of disorganization, such as divorce, separation, illegitimacy, or desertion, may change. However, the new system may have lower rates of occurrence of certain forms of disorganization.For example, the divorce rates in Arab Algeria and in Japan have been declining for half a century. In several Latin American countries, the rate of illegitimacy has apparently been decreasing. Prolonging life in industrialized countries has meant that fewer children must face orphan hood. Aside from these facts, the main structure of a family system may be altered only slightly by such changes in rates. Finally, though the old set of patterns is in part dissolved, it is usually replaced by a new set of patterns which is as determinate and controlling as the old one was.Despite the importance of these forms of family disorganization for the individuals in the family, and thus for the society, the legal and formal structures of the society reflect little concern with these problems. If a couple in the United States decides to separate, no agency of the society acts, or is even empowered to find out that a separation occurred, unless the wife seeks financial support. There are few customs to guide the illegitimate mother or father, and once again the state moves only in narrowly defined circumstances (e. g.if the mother wants to get on the relief rolls). If a wife becomes schizophrenic, or a child is born an idiot, few customs exist to help guide the family members and the formal agencies of the society do not act unless asked to do so. How Capitalism is hostile to the American Dream? The American Dream has been that every generation could look forward to a better life for its children. Is the dream becoming a nightmare? It is now actively discussed that Capitalism can not avoid a housing crisis that makes the word home a mockery to millions of families.Capitalism can not avoid laying off men in favor of more profitable machines. It can not avoid depressions, when consumers can not buy, nor threats of war to stimulate business. Capitalism can not avoid edging to the brink of war, constantly, to secure raw materials and markets, and to exploit the labor power of other countries. Capitalism makes a travesty of political democracy when a poor man's vote gives him choice only among candidates and polices which may be good for the largest corporations, but not for him. We have a noble traditon of democracy in this land.The changes, as it has moved from an economy of scarcity in an undeveloped country to high production in a mechanized economy, demand that democracy be brought up to date. The rule of a few families controlling the nation's resources is not the same thing as the rule of the people of the United States over themselves. Either we must have economic democracy, or we shall lose the political democracy our fathers fought and died to win. References Acemoglu, Daron. 2003. Cross-country inequality trends. Economic Journal 113 (February): 121–49. Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson.2002. Reversal of fortune: Geography and institutions in the making of the modern world income distribution. Quarterly Journal of Economics 117 (November): 1231–94. Aizcorbe, Ann M. , Arthur B. Kennickell, and Kevin B. Moore. 2003. Recent changes in U. S. family finances. Federal Reserve Bulletin (January): 1–31. Alesina Alberto F. , Rafael Di Tella, and Robert MacCulloch. 2003. Inequality and happiness: Are Europeans and Americans different? Unpublished working paper (March). Bertola, Guiseppe, Francine D. Blau, and Lawrence M. Kahn. 2001.Comparative analysis of labor market outcomes: Lessons for the United States from international long-run evidence. In Krueger and Solow (2001): 159–218. Friedman, Milton. 1982. Capitalism and freedom. Chicago: Univers ity of Chicago Press. Garibaldi, Pietro, and Paolo Mauro. 1999. Deconstructing job creation. IMF Working Paper 99/109 (August). Giersch, Herbert. 1999. Marktokonomik fur die offene Gesellschaft. Walter-AdolfJohr Lecture. Gordon, Robert J. 2001. Discussion of Deunionization, technical change and inequality, by Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion, and Giovanni L. Violante.Paper prepared for the Carngie-Rochester Conference Series of Public Policy (February). Greenspan, Alan. 2003. The Reagan legacy. Remarks at the Ronald Reagan Library, Simi Valley, CA (April 9). Houtenville, Andrew J. 2001. Income mobility in the United States and Germany: A comparison of two classes of mobility measures using the GSOEP, PSID, and CPS. Vierteljahreshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 70, no. 1, pp. 59–65. Krueger, Dirk, and Krishna B. Kumar. 2004. US-Europe differences in technologydriven growth: Quantifying the role of education. Journal of Monetary Economics, no. 51, pp. 161–90.Lewis, Michael. 2002. In defense of the boom. New York Times Magazine (October 27): 44ff. Maddison, Angus. 2001. The world economy: A millennial perspective. OECD Development Centre Studies. Paris. Sachs, Jeffrey D. 2003. Institutions matter, but not for everything. International Monetary Fund Finance & Development 40, no. 2 (June): 38–41. Sanchez, Thomas W. , Robert E. Lang, and Dawn Dhavale. 2003. Security versus status? A first look at the Census' gated community data. Metropolitan Institute, Alexandria, VA (July). Sinclair, Upton. 1906 The Jungle. New York: Doubleday, Page, and Company.

the daodejing of Laozi Essays

the daodejing of Laozi Essays the daodejing of Laozi Essay the daodejing of Laozi Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: The daodejing of Laozi The daodejing of Laozi is a Daoist with a personality that has brought a lot of influence on Chinese thought. The Laozi or Daodejing transformed into what it is today in the third century. Today, it continues to get so much popularity in the whole of East Asia and beyond. Philip J Ivanhoe’s lucid and philosophical interpretation give fresh insights into this classic work. The Language unit, which is unique to this edition, gives eight translations of the starting passage by famous and influential people and explains well, how they were, interpreted (Laozi, 20). Laozi was a philosopher who lived in the early years and was a Daoist. The Daodejing is a leader or deity who existed among the Chinese community. The Zhuangzi is the first place to use Laozi as an individual name and to know Laozi and Lao Tan. The earliest things related to Laozi are found in the Zhuangzi’s chapters. Parts of the chapters of that work have ten areas where Laozi is the central object. Four of them have straight criticism about the Confucian. They have comprehensions from the Daodejing, and they could belong to the time when that collection was approaching a final form (45). The major thing that makes this book exceptional is that it has included a Chinese to English dictionary for all of the characters used in the Dao De Jing. Every dictionary entry has the traditional and uncomplicated characters as well as the. Every character is split down into its contents with a description of those contents. Also, there is an included brief etymology for the character, some historical and cultural background information surrounding the use of the character. There is a diagram too, diagram on how to write each one. Another fundamental part of the dictionary is the addition of a concordance for each character, which indicates the number of the chapter and position of every character within the Dao De Jing. This makes provision for a user to look up the several times that a specific character was used in the text, for of comparison reasons in the text. In reference to a book called Rites, a person called Lao Tan was a specialist of rituals (Laozi, 56). On four times, Confucius is said to have answered to questions by requesting responses from Lao Tan. Research says that Confucius once helped Lao Tan in a funeral ceremony. In the Zhuangzi Lao Tan usually criticizes Confucius. It is the first book to use Laozi as an individual’s name and to know there is Laozi and Lao tan. The Zhuangzi contains work from a tutor called Zhuang Zhou who existed between 370-300 BCE (68). Units one to seven of the present thirty three are the most frequently known to Zhuangzi, which means Zhuang is a master. Guo Xiang reviewed the work in the first fifty years of the third Century. He worked on fifty two parts, which he had found. He turned down the material because he considered it inferior. He spared thirty three units and separated them into two parts. There were inner units and outer ones. Apart from that, the ones that remained originated fro m other people and they have different perspectives of opinions. Lao Tan refers to Confucius by his name in three comprehensions. This kind of freedom is only entitled to an individual with authority and power. It makes people see that Lao Tan was Confucius’ tutor hence considered him a superior. This is not confirmed to be true. Confucius was a confused person who was not successful. Laozi work was an archivist and considered Confucius written work not important. Hence; not worth preserving in the library. In another case, Confucius says that he understood well what was called six classics (Laozi, 70). He went ahead and convinced seventy-two kings about the truth. Unfortunately, they were not bothered about that. When Laozi learnt this, he persuaded Confucius to stop minding irrelevant things. The Dao De Jing has been viewed as one of the most fundamental philosophical and spiritual texts to be written in the early years of China. It has been interpreted more times than any other documented work apart from the Bible. The name Dao means a road, and is often translated as way. This is because sometimes Dao is used as a noun but other times as a verb. Dao is reality itself, the way things come together as they transform. All this brings out the deep Chinese belief that change is the most important trait of things. In the classic change, the patterns of this change are shown by numbers representing 64 relations of forces called hexagrams (Laozi, 76). Dao is the change of these forces, most frequently simply known as yin and yang. The Xici is a statement on the Yi jing founded in almost the same time as the DDJ. The teaching of Daodejing is that people cannot fathom the Dao. This is because even though it is named in any way, it cannot be captured. It is beyond the people’s thoughts. Those who wu Wei may become one with it and thus obtain the Dao. Wu Wei is a not easy to translate. Yet, it is generally accepted that the traditional making it as non action or no action is incorrect. Daoism is not a philosophy of doing nothing. Wu Wei means people should act naturally. The vital concept is that there is no need for people altering the process of reality. Wu Wei should be the way people live, because the Dao is beneficial. It does not harm anyone (Laozi, 83). The way to get to heaven will always be doing the right thing and it comes from the Dao alone. No one can explain the nature of why the Dao is beneficial and good. Not even the sages can explain it. The earth is a reality that is full of spirits of forces. It is compared with to a sacred image used in religious ritual. The Dao occupies the place in reality where the family uses as an altar, for ancestors and gods. People should not think that that life is unfair. This is not true because in heaven things are very much in place. It does not mean that correlatives in Chinese philosophy are opposites of each other. They represent the ebb and processes of the reality forces: yin yang, masculine and feminine too much defect; leadership, following; active and dullness. As one approaches the fullness of yin, yang begins to show at the horizon and it emerges. Its lessons on correlation frequently (Laozi, 98). For instance, those who are crooked will be corrected. The bent ones will be straight. Those who are empty will be filled. Since these look paradoxical, they best understood as correlational in meaning. The DDJ thinks that straightforward words sound paradoxical. This does not imply they are. In fact, they are not. Sages pay attention to their internal energies. They clear their vision, show plainness and become like unused wood. They live naturally and away from desires of human beings. They settle themselves and learn how to live in a content way with what they have. The Daodejing makes uses some very known analogies to clarify his point. Sages understand the value of voidness as shown by how emptiness is utilized in a bowl, door, window, valley or canyon. They preserve the female, which means they know how to respond hence, assertive and active. Shouldering and an embrace, represent inner strength and it helps to have harmony (Laozi, 105). Those adhering to the Dao do not struggle, tamper, or look for control. They do not wish to assist life along or use their hearts and mind to solve or life’s difficulties and entanglements. Indeed, the DDJ warns that those who would attempt to do something with the world will not be successful. They will actually destroy it. Sages do not participate in disputes and arguments, or try to show they are correct. They are flexible, humble and like water. It finds its own place, conquering the difficult and robust by being supple. Sages act expecting no reward and they put themselves last and yet come first. They never make a put themselves on air, boast or are arrogant. Sages make peace, creatures do not harm them and soldiers do not kill them. Heaven takes care of the sage and they become invincible (Laozi, 114). Among the most debatable of the teachings in the DDJ are those closely related with rulers. Today’s research is approaching an agreement that the people who organized and put together the concepts of the DDJ participated in the leadership. They could have also participated in performing rituals and other religious ceremonies. As it may seem, many of the aphorisms directed to the leaders sound surprising at first sight. According to the DDJ, the appropriate leader keeps knowledge from the people, fills their stomachs, opens their hearts and eliminates their desires (Laozi, 117). A sagely leader decreases the size of the state and maintains the population to be small. Although the leader possesses armory, they are never used. The leader does not seek to be prominent. The leader is a shadowy presence and when the leader’s work is finished, the people say they are content. All this is interesting because Philosopher and theorist Han Feizi used Daodejing. He used it to bring unity to China. It is sad to know that this leader filled stomachs, kept knowledge from the people and emptied the minds of people. He destroyed all the books containing content about medicine, agriculture or astronomy (Laozi, 120)

Bunker Hill essays

Bunker Hill essays The battle on Breeds Hill, wrongly named the Battle of Bunker Hill, changed the course of the American Revolution. This battle was the first large-scale engagement and also one of the bloodiest battles of the American Revolution. It was held on June 17, 1775 in Charlestown (now part of Boston), Massachusetts. The prior battle to this one would be the at Lexington and Concorde which sort of started it all. This battle took place April 19, 1775. After the battle at Concorde British troops decided to give up and stop fighting and marched back. Meanwhile the Americans continuously made hit and run attacks on the retreating forces. This heightened the heat between the rebels and the British. Later, 5 days before the battle at Breeds Hill, General Thomas Gage would declare martial law. Stating to give pardon to anyone who would lay down their arms and pledge himself to King George. He did this to avoid further uprisings and armed conflict. Unfortunately, this had the opposite effect and upset many of the colonists. Thus, adding to the flame and making the battle almost imminent. On June 16, 1775 the Americans became aware of the British plan to take control of Bunker and Breeds Hills. So the rebels decided to invade the area before the British in a hope to fortify it and be prepared for the Redcoats. Colonel William Prescott and 1,200 men, mostly from Massachusetts, moved in to the peninsula with the mission to fortify Bunker Hill. Two ours upon arriving they realized that they needed to fortify Breeds Hill and fall back on Bunker Hill if necessary. During the night of the sixteenth Colonel Prescott gave them the orders to "Dig, and dig hard." Trying to get the soldiers to fortify Breeds Hill as best as possible. If they learned anything from that night they learned that a Yankee soldier, at this stage of war, was a great digger. The nights work turned out to be tactically genius...

My recommendations to the board Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My recommendations to the board - Research Paper Example Table of Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. About Coca-Cola Company 4 3. Issue in question 7 4. Recommendations 8 4.1 Career development 8 4.2 Workplace safety 8 4.3 Corporate reputation and organizational culture 8 4.4 Compensation benefits 9 4.5 Mentoring and Termination 9 5. Recommendations for implementation plan 10 6. Conclusions 10 References Appendices I. Equal Opportunities Policy 14 II. Sexual Harassment Policy 15 III. Drug Testing Policy 16 IV. Loan Policy 17 V. Termination Policy 18 1. Introduction: An evaluation of company policies based on changing performance trends will help in identifying existing gaps and taking appropriate actions. An attempt towards this direction will be made to identify existing gaps in organizational policies of the beverage-manufacturing giant, Coca-Cola in the North America region. Based on findings, recommendations to include or modify existing policies will be made keeping in mind obligatory aspects related to regulations and ethics. 2. About Coc a-Cola Company: Coca-Cola, a world-leading manufacturer of about 500 varieties of beverages being sold in more than 200 countries and employing over a million people, was an invention of an American about 125 years ago (Pendergrast, 2000), and PepsiCo that arrived much later has been its archrival competitor since many years. With its expansive growth, Coca-Cola is one of the largest multinational companies in the world, and has thus eventually shifted towards a global philosophy of business management. Coca-Cola has always focused on establishing itself locally and serving its local people; and hence, their management philosophy has been to â€Å"think globally and act locally,† (Anfuso, 1994). Considering the current position of Coca-Cola, management has to put in efforts not only to sustain its competitive position but also protect its reputation by adopting the right strategies, as well as modifying some of the existing strategies. Coca-cola operates its various divisions in six groups namely, north America, the EU, the Pacific Region, the East Europe/Middle East, Africa and Latin America. The corporate HRM at Coca-Cola facilitates the connection between human resources of these regional groups through propagation of common HRM philosophy within the company, and through leadership to manage the business internationally (Ashwathappa & Dash, 2013). From a policy perspective, Coca-cola focuses on translating all its organizational policies into practices and procedures that abide by the national laws and are aligned to local culture. Coca-Cola’s HRM philosophy is translated into different strategies in different regions that suit the necessary regulations, culture, and business requirements. For instance, in North America, Coca-Cola employs skilled personnel irrespective of their ethnic background, which not only helps their business but also abides by the federal laws of employment by following diversity in recruitment and recruiting on the bas is of performance, skills and qualifications (Workplace Rights Policy, n.d). A brief hypothetical account of demographics at Coca-Cola is represented in Table 1 below: Coca-Cola employs a comprehensive HR policy that addresses various HR needs that would be required for it to sustain its co

International Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Finance - Essay Example Every five years EU citizens elect the European Parliament. Other significant EU institutions include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Council, and the European Central Bank. Thereby EU has created one market through a uniform system of regulations which apply in all member countries. As a final stage of economic integration of the EU a monetary union (an optimum currency area) was formed. The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) of 17 EU member states who have accepted the euro (â‚ ¬) as their common currency and solitary legal tender, makes the Eurozone, which is officially known as the euro area. Eurozone currently includes Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Other EU member states are expected to fulfil the strict entry requirements to enter the Eurozone while some EU state s namely Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom has chosen to stay outside the Eurozone. European Central Bank carries the responsibility of the monetary policy of the area, whereas other zone/euro related decisions are co-operated through the euro group. Part A and B of this paper will review the case for Eurozone membership in regard of the optimum currency area theory and issues with fixed exchange rate systems respectively. Thereby finally the paper will conclude how the Eurozone membership can be attractive to new applicants. A) Optimum currency area theory in the Eurozone A geographic region which would maximize economic efficiency by the entire region sharing a single currency is known as an optimum currency area (OCA). The earliest mention of the concept was by Abba Lerner (Scitovsky, 1984); although most acknowledged development of the pertaining theory goes to Robert Mundell. Mundell argues that for perfect regional economic integration the said region must be an OCA. Thus he presented two simulations. First was an OCA with fixed expectations: the argument in brief is that uneven shocks are considered to challenge the real economy. These shocks are significant and cannot be organised. Also the international monetary policy (interest rates) cannot be modified for a specific situation of each integral region. Thus a regime with floating exchange rate is considered better than a fixed regime (Mundell, 1961). By this means the properties (Mongelli, 2008) of a successful optimal currency area are reviewed below. Mobility of factors of production including labour. High market integration inside a group of partner countries can lessen the need to modify real factor prices and the nominal exchange rate between countries in reaction to disturbances (Mundell, 1961). The belief that mobility of factors of production enhances both efficiency and welfare was confirmed by the trade theory. Such mobility is likely display its effect in the long-run. The production factors’ mobility is restricted by the speed that direct investment can be generated by one country and absorbed by another. Likewise, labour mobility which includes physical capability to travel (workers' rights, visas, etc.), lack of cultural blocks to free movement (such as different languages and